Startseite Taking a differentiated view of cholesterol and cardiovascular risk
Taking a differentiated view of cholesterol and cardiovascular risk
Dear Patients,
Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the most common causes of death in industrialised countries. Heart attacks, strokes and vascular occlusions are in most cases the result of progressive arteriosclerosis, i.e. narrowing and calcification of the blood vessels. The development of these changes is complex. In addition to genetic factors, lifestyle, metabolic disorders, diabetes, smoking, obesity and environmental pollution also play a role.
Cholesterol – a vital component of the body
Chemically, it belongs to the steroid group and fulfils important functions in the human body. A large proportion of it is found in cell membranes, with a significant amount also present in the brain. Cholesterol also serves as a precursor for the formation of various hormones and vitamin D. Most cholesterol is produced by the body itself, primarily in the liver.
Lipoprotein profile and epigenetics of blood lipids
Lipoprotein profile and epigenetics of blood lipids
In everyday life, a distinction is often made between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cholesterol. In fact, fat metabolism is more complex than that. Various lipoproteins that transport cholesterol circulate in the blood.
These include, among others:
LDL (low-density lipoprotein)
transports cholesterol to the body’s cells
HDL (high-density lipoprotein)
involved in transporting cholesterol back to the liver
VLDL and IDL
other forms of transport in fat metabolism
Certain LDL subfractions are particularly relevant to the risk of atherosclerosis. Not all LDL is equally risky. Larger and lighter particles (phenotype A) are associated with a lower risk, while smaller, denser LDL particles (phenotype B) are more strongly associated with vascular changes. A lipoprotein profile and epigenetic analysis provide detailed information in this regard.
Other factors contributing to cardiovascular risk
A differentiated assessment of lipid metabolism takes more than just traditional cholesterol levels into account. Other markers can provide valuable information about individual risk.
These include, for example:
- Homocysteine
- High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)
- Fatty acid profiles with determination of the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids
Since environmental pollution from heavy metals can also influence metabolic processes (especially arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury), they are included in a comprehensive assessment.
The importance of fatty acids
In addition to cholesterol levels, the composition of fatty acids also plays a role in vascular health. A distinction is made between saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Particular attention should be paid to omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in linseed oil, rapeseed oil and fish oil, among others. A balanced ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is considered beneficial for the metabolism.
The aim is to:
- reduce visceral fat
- maintain or build muscle mass
- improve insulin sensitivity
- stabilise glucose fluctuations
This data-based approach enables precise and individually tailored prevention – before manifest diabetes develops.
Holistic diagnostics as a basis
At the Alpstein Clinic, fat metabolism is not assessed in isolation on the basis of individual laboratory values. Instead, a comprehensive analysis of various risk factors is carried out.
These include, among others:
- Lipoprotein subfractions
- Fatty acid profiles
- Inflammation markers
- Homocysteine
- Possible heavy metal contamination
This differentiated approach allows individual risk patterns to be better identified and specifically addressed.
Holistic therapeutic approaches
Lifestyle and diet play a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Regular physical activity, weight normalisation and a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk. In addition, herbal and regulatory therapies can support fat metabolism.
INUS / Lipid apheresis for increased risk
In certain situations, such as severe lipid metabolism disorders or familial hypercholesterolaemia, lipid apheresis may be beneficial. This involves removing the abnormally high blood lipids from the blood through plasma filtration. This method can be used in particular in cases of increased cardiovascular risk or after cardiovascular events have already occurred.
Dr. med. Ralf Oettmeier
We look forward to meeting you in person
If you would like to learn more about the differentiated diagnosis and treatment of lipid metabolism disorders, we would be happy to advise you at the Alpstein Clinic.